Working Papers

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Pension Research Council Working Papers

2024

- - - Protective Behavior and Life Insurance
      Abigail Hurwitz, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Orly Sade
      WP2024-01
    - Financial Fragility, Financial Resilience, and Pension Distributions
      Robert L. Clark and Olivia S. Mitchell
      WP2024-02
    - Evaluating the Effects of a Low-Cost, Online Financial Education Program
      Robert L. Clark, Chuanhao Lin, Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Andrea Sticha
      WP2024-03
    - Financial Literacy, Portfolio Choice, and Wealth Inequality: A General Equilibrium Approach
      Min Kim
      WP2024-04
    - Employer 401(k) Matches for Student Debt Repayment: Killing Two Birds with One Stone?
      Vanya Horneff, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
      WP2024-05
    - Rethinking the Annuity Puzzle: The Role of Loss Aversion and Money-Back Guarantees
      Sebastian Hallstein, Daniel Liebler, and Raimond Maurer
      WP2024-06
    - Alcohol Use, Genetics, and Cognitive Decline
      Pei-Chuan Ho
      WP2024-07
    - New Insights into Improving Financial Well-being
      Jennifer Coats and Vickie Bajtelsmit
      WP2024-08
    - Do Additional Dollars Buy Engagement? Effects of Monetary Incentives on Attending Financial Aid Counseling for At-Risk Students
      James C. Cox, Daniel Kreisman, and Stephen Shore
      WP2024-09
    - Racial Disparities in Overdue Debt Among Older Adults
      Mingli Zhong and Jennifer Andre
      WP2024-10
    - Lessons from Behavioral Research for Retirement Saving, Investment, and Spending: An Overview
      Olivia S. Mitchell and Nikolai Roussanov
      WP2024-11
    - Noncognitive Determinants of Retirement Saving Behavior
      Gianpaolo Parise and Kim Peijnenburg
      WP2024-12
    - Subjective Beliefs, Saving, and Spending for Retirement
      Rawley Z. Heimer
      WP2024-13
    - Does It All Add Up? New Experimental Evidence for ‘Undersum Bias’ as an Impediment to Precautionary Saving
      Shane Timmons and Féidhlim McGowan
      WP2024-14
    - Deepening Our Understanding of Savings Automation in Retirement and Non-retirement Contexts
      Alycia Chin, Heidi Johnson, and Brianna L. Middlewood
      WP2024-15
    - Plan Design and Participant Behavior in Defined Contribution Retirement Plans: Past, Present, and Future
      Jonathan Reuter
      WP2024-16
    - The Implications of Gender Differences in Retirement Plan Investment Patterns
      Vickie Bajtelsmit
      WP2024-17
    - Wealth Accumulation: The Role of Others
      Michael Haliassos
      WP2024-18
    - Aging in America: An Examination of Financial and Health Decision Making among Older Adults
      Gary R. Mottola, Lei Yu, and Patricia Boyle
      WP2024-19
    - Insights on Economic Well-being at Older Ages from Analyses of Household Spending
      Michael D. Hurd and Susann Rohwedder
      WP2024-20
    - Patterns of Consumption and Savings around Retirement
      Arna Olafsson and Michaela Pagel
      WP2024-21
    - Does 401(k) Loan Repayment Crowd Out Retirement Saving? Implications for Plan Design
      John Beshears, James J. Choi, Joel Dickson, Aaron Goodman, Fiona Greig, and David Laibson
      WP2024-22
    - Reforming the US Long-Term Care Insurance Market
      R. Anton Braun and Karen A. Kopecky
      WP2024-23

2023

- - - Fixed and Variable Longevity Annuities in Defined Contribution Plans: Optimal Retirement Portfolios Taking Social Security into Account
      Vanya Horneff, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
      Published in: Journal of Risk and Insurance
      WP2023-01
    - Household Investment in 529 College Savings Plans and Information Processing Frictions
      James J. Li, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Christina Zhu
      WP2023-02
    - Early Pension Withdrawals in Chile During the Pandemic
      Olga M. Fuentes, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Félix Villatoro
      WP2023-03
    - Four Facts About ESG Beliefs and Investor Portfolios
      Stephano Giglio, Matteo Maggiori, Johannes Stroebel, Zhenhao Tan, Stephen Utkus, and Xiao Xu
      WP2023-04
    - Understanding Financial Vulnerability Among Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics in the United States
      Andrea Hasler, Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Alessia Sconti
      WP2023-05
    - The Importance of Financial Literacy: Opening a New Field
      Annamaria Lusardi and Olivia S. Mitchell
      WP2023-06
    - What Matters for Annuity Demand: Objective Life Expectancy or Subjective Survival Pessimism?
      Karolos Arapakis and Gal Wettstein
      WP2023-07
    - Splurging After Reaching Your Goal:
      How and When a Used (vs. Unused) Account Affects Consumption Behavior?
      Siyuan Yin and Marissa A. Sharif
      WP2023-08
    - Registered Index-Linked Annuities in Qualified Retirement Plans
      Cameron Ellis, Thorsten Moenig, and Jacqueline Volkman-Wise
      WP2023-09
    - Saving and Attitudes to the Future
      John Knowles and Andrew Postlewaite
      WP2023-10
    - A Closer Look at Fringe Benefits for Faculty
      Robert K. Toutkoushian
      WP2023-11
    - Selection into Financial Education and Effects on Portfolio Choice
      Irina Gemmo, Pierre-Carl Michaud, and Olivia S. Mitchell
      WP2023-12
    - Retirement Assets and the Wealth Gaps for Black and Hispanic Households
      Gustavo Suarez, Jeffrey Thompson, and Alice Henriques Volz
      WP2023-13
    - Changes in Racial Gaps in Retirement Security over Time
      Karen Dynan and Douglas Elmendorf
      WP2023-14
    - Understanding Trends in Hispanic and African American
      Retirement Preparedness in the US
      Edward N. Wolff
      WP2023-15
    - Wills, Wealth, and Race
      Jean-Pierre Aubry, Gal Wettstein, and Alicia H. Munnell
      WP2023-16
    - The Racial Wealth Gap and The Legacy of Racially Restrictive Housing Covenants
      Larry Santucci
      WP2023-17
    - Racial and Ethnic Differences in Longevity Perceptions and Implications for Financial Decision Making
      Abigail Hurwitz, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Orly Sade
      WP2023-18
    - Social Security and the Racial Wealth Gap
      Sylvain Catherine and Natasha Sarin
      WP2023-19
    - How Racial Differences in Housing Returns Shape Retirement Security
      Amir Kermani and Francis Wong
      WP2023-20
    - Racial Differences in Debt Delinquencies and Implications for Retirement Preparedness
      Mingli Zhong and Jennifer Andre
      WP2023-21
    - The Making Up for Failure Nudge: Framing Subgoals as Opportunities for Redemption Increases Goal Persistence
      Marissa A. Sharif and Shannon Duncan
      WP2023-22
    - Financial Inclusion and Retirement Preparedness in the United States
      Vicki L. Bogan
      WP2023-23
    - Tax Policy to Reduce Racial Retirement Wealth Inequality
      Carl Davis and Brakeyshia Samms
      WP2023-24
    - Improving the Financial Security of Workers of Color through Employee Financial Wellness Programs
      John J Kalamarides
      WP2023-25
    - Enhancing Retirement Wealth and Reducing Retiree Inequality: Emergency Savings Accounts and Other Policy Options
      David C. John, J. Mark Iwry, and William G. Gale
      WP2023-26
    - Would Baby Bonds Reduce Racial Retirement Wealth Inequality?
      Naomi Zewde
      WP2023-27

2022

- - - - Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior at Older Ages
        Olivia S. Mitchell and Annamaria Lusardi
        WP2022-01
      - Life-Cycle Portfolio Choice with Stock Market Loss Framing: Explaining the Empirical Evidence
        Arwed Ebner, Vanya Horneff, and Raimond Maurer
        WP2022-02
      - Does financial education in high school affect retirement savings in adulthood?
        Melody Harvey and Carly Urban
        WP2022-03
      - How the Pandemic Altered Americans’ Debt Burden and Retirement Readiness
        Andrea Hasler, Annamaria Lusardi, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2022-04
      - The Early Impacts of Coronavirus Pandemic on Americans’ Economic Security
        Marco Angrisani, Jeremy Burke, and Arie Kapteyn
        WP2022-05
      - Overpaying and Undersaving? Correlated Mistakes in Retirement Saving and Health Insurance Choices
        Adam Leive, Leora Frieberg, and Brent Davis
        WP2022-06
      - The Current State of U.S. Workplace Retirement Plan Coverage
        John Sabelhaus
        WP2022-07
      - Is Attention Produced Optimally?
        Erin T. Bronchetti, Judd B. Kessler, Ellen B. Magenheim, Dmitry Taubinsky, and Eric Zwick
        WP2022-08
      - Paying for Performance in Public Pension Plans
        Yan Lu, Kevin Mullally, and Sugata Ray
        WP2022-09
      - Americans’ Financial Resilience during the Pandemic
        Robert L. Clark and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2022-10
      - Movements In and Out of Poverty at Older Ages: Evidence from the HRS
        Robert L. Clark, Annamaria Lusardi, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2022-11
      - Factors Influencing the Choice of Pensions Distribution at Retirement
        Robert L. Clark and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2022-12
      - Older Workers, Retirement, and Macroeconomic Shocks
        Erika McEntarfer
        Published in Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency
        WP2022-13
      - Economic Conditions, the COVID-19 Pandemic Recession, and Implications for Disability Insurance in the United States
        Nicole Maestas and Kathleen J. Mullen
        Published in Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency
        WP2022-14
      - Racial and Ethnic Differences in Longevity Perceptions and Implications for Financial Decision-Making
        Abigail Hurwitz, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Orly Sade
        WP2022-15
      - The Safety Net Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic Recession and the Older Population
        Robert A. Moffitt and James P. Ziliak
        Published in Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency
        WP2022-16
      - Changes in Retirement Savings During the COVID Pandemic
        Elena Derby, Lucas Goodman, Kathleen Mackie, and Jacob Mortenson
        Published in Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency
        WP2022-17
      - Saving and Wealth Accumulation among Student Loan Borrowers: Implications for Retirement Preparedness
        Lisa J. Dettling, Sarena F. Goodman, and Sarah J. Reber
        Published in Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency
        WP2022-18
      - Retirement Security and Health Costs
        Glenn Follette and Louise Sheiner
        Published in Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency
        WP2022-19
      - Recessions and Retirement: New Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic
        Courtney Coile and Haiyi Zhang
        Published in Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency
        WP2022-20
      - Wealth Inequality and Retirement Preparedness: A Cross-Cohort Perspective
        John Sabelhaus and Alice Henriques Volz
        Published in Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency
        WP2022-21
      - How Gloomy is the Retirement Outlook for Millennials?
        Richard W. Johnson and Karen E. Smith
        Published in Real-World Shocks and Retirement System Resiliency
        WP2022-22
      - Motivated Errors
        Christine L. Exley and Judd B. Kessler
        WP2022-23
      - Information Avoidance and Image Concerns
        Christine L. Exley and Judd B. Kessler
        WP2022-24
      - Financial Regret at Older Ages and Longevity Awareness
        Abigail Hurwitz and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2022-25

2021

- - - - Longevity Perceptions and Saving Decisions During the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Experimental Investigation
        Abigail Hurwitz, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Orly Sade
        WP2021-01
      - Do Required Minimum Distribution 401(k) Rules Matter, and For Whom? Insights from a Lifecycle Model
        Vanya Horneff, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in the Journal of Banking & Finance (2023)
        WP2021-02
      - Financial Well-being among Black and Hispanic Women
        accepted for publication by the Journal of Retirement
        Robert Clark, Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Hallie Davis
        WP2021-03
      - Shoring Up Shortfalls: Women, Retirement and the Growing GigSupp Economy
        Caroline Lewis Bruckner and Jonathan Barry Forman
        WP2021-04
      - How do Behavioral Approaches to Increase Savings Compare? Evidence from Multiple Interventions in the U.S. Army
        Richard W. Patterson and William L. Skimmyhorn
        WP2021-05
      - Auctioning Annuities
        Gaurab Aryal, Eduardo Fajnzylber, Maria F. Gabrielli, and Manuel Willington
        WP2021-06
      - Testing Methods to Enhance Longevity Awareness
        Abigail Hurwitz, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Orly Sade
        WP2021-07
      - Income Trajectories in Later Life: Longitudinal Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study
        Olivia S. Mitchell, Robert Clark, and Annamaria Lusardi
        WP2021-08
      - Own and Parents’ Schooling as Predictors of Cognition: Findings from the Longitudinal Chilean Social Protection Survey
        Irma T. Elo, Jere R. Behrman, David Bravo, Sneha Mani, and Alejandro Sanchez Beccara
        WP2021-09
      - ESG and Downside Risks: Implications for Pension Funds
        Zacharias Sautner and Laura T. Starks
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-10
      - Private Retirement Systems and Sustainability: Insights from Australia, the UK, and the US
        Nathan Fabian, Mikael Homanen, Nikolaj Pedersen, and Morgan Slebos
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-11
      - Eliciting Pension Beneficiaries’ Sustainability Preferences: Why and How?
        Rob M.M.J. Bauer and Paul M.A. Smeets
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-12
      - The Origins of ESG in Pensions: Strategies and Outcomes
        Stéphanie Lachance and Judith C. Stroehle
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-13
      - Sustainable Investment in Retirement Plans: Introduction
        Olivia S. Mitchell, P. Brett Hammond, and Raimond Maurer
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-14
      - ESG and Expected Returns on Equities: The Case of Environmental Ratings
        Christopher C. Geczy and John B. Guerard, Jr.
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-15
      - How the Norwegian SWF Balances Ethics, ESG Risks, and Returns: Can this Approach Work for Other Institutional Investors?
        Anita Margrethe Halvorssen
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-16
      - Global Pensions and ESG: Is There A Better Way?
        Luba Nikulina
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-17
      - What Does ESG Investing Really Mean? Implications for Investors of Separating Financial Materiality and Social Objectives
        Linda-Eling Lee
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-18
      - Pensions and ESG: An Institutional and Historical Perspective
        Brett Hammond and Amy O’Brien
        Published in Pension Funds and Sustainable Investment: Challenges and Opportunities
        WP2021-19
      - Sufficient Statistics for Nonlinear Tax Systems with Preference Heterogeneity
        Antoine Ferey, Benjamin B. Lockwood, and Dmitry Taubinsky
        WP2021-20

2020

- - - - Optimal Default Retirement Saving Policies: Theory and Evidence from OregonSaves
        Mingli Zhong
        WP2020-01
      - How Cognitive Ability and Financial Literacy Shape the Demand for Financial Advice at Older Ages
        Hugh Hoikwang Kim, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in The Journal of the Economics of Ageing; Volume 20; 2021; 100329 (open access)
        WP2020-02
      - Target Date Funds and Portfolio Choice in 401(k) Plans
        Olivia S. Mitchell and Stephen P. Utkus
        WP2020-03
      - Understanding Debt in the Older Population
        Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Noemi Oggero
        WP2020-04
      - Social Security Research at the University of Michigan Retirement and Disability Research Center
        John Laitner, Eric French, Alan L. Gustman, Michael D. Hurd, Olivia S. Mitchell, Kathleen J. Mullen, Susan C. Barnes
        Published in the Social Security Bulletin (80)1: 19-29, 2020
        WP2020-05
      - How the Coronavirus Could Permanently Cut Near-Retirees’ Social Security Benefits
        Andrew G. Biggs
        WP2020-06
      - Financial Education Affects Financial Knowledge and Downstream Behaviors
        Tim Kaiser, Annamaria Lusardi, Lukas Menkhoff, and Carly Urban
        WP2020-07
      - Building Better Retirement Systems in the Wake of the Global Pandemic
        Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2020-08
      - Perceptions of Mortality: Individual Assessment of Longevity Risk
        Kathleen McGarry
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-09
      - Property Tax Deferral: Can a Public-Private Partnership Help Provide Lifetime Income?
        Alicia H. Munnell, Wenliang Hou, and Abigail N. Walters
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-10
      - Working Longer Solves (Almost) Everything: The Correlation Between Employment, Social Engagement and Longevity
        Tim Driver and Amanda Henshon
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-11
      - Disability-free Life Trends at Older Ages: Implications for Longevity Risk Management
        Douglas A. Wolf
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-12
      - Introduction: New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-13
      - Public-Private Partnerships Extend Community-based Organization’s Longevity
        William J. Dionne and Dozene Guishard
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-14
      - Auto-Enrollment Retirement Plans for the People: Choices and Outcomes in OregonSaves
        John Chalmers, Olivia S. Mitchell, Jonathan Reuter, and Mingli Zhong
        WP2020-15
      - New Financial Instruments for Managing Longevity Risk
        John Kiff
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-16
      - State-sponsored Pensions for Private Sector Workers: The Case for Pooled Annuities and Tontines
        Richard K. Fullmer and Jonathan Barry Forman
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-17
      - Innovative Strategies to Finance and Deliver Long-term Care
        Nora Super, Arielle Burstein, Jason Davis, and Caroline Servat
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-18
      - Building on Hope or Tackling Fear? Policy Responses to the Growing Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias
        Adelina Comas-Herrera
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-19
      - Does Working Longer Enhance Old Age?
        Maria D. Fitzpatrick
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-20
      - Aging in Place: The Role of Public-Private Partnerships
        Nancy A. Hodgson
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-21
      - The Market for Reverse Mortgages among Older Americans
        Christopher Mayer and Stephanie Moulton
        Published in New Models for Managing Longevity Risk: Public-Private Partnerships
        WP2020-22
      - Asset-Rich and Cash-Poor: Which Older Adults Value Reverse Mortgages?
        Joelle H. Fong, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Benedict SK. Koh
        WP2020-23
      - Financial Literacy and Financial Decision-making at Older Ages
        Joelle H. Fong, Benedict SK. Koh, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Susann Rohwedder
        WP2020-24
      - Financial Fragility during the COVID-19 Pandemic
        Robert L. Clark, Annamaria Lusardi, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2020-25

2019

- - - - Retirement Preparedness and Financial Literacy in Singapore: How Do the Self-Employed Compare?
        Benedict Koh and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2019-01
      - Ambiguity Attitudes about Investments: Evidence from the Field
        Kanin Anantanasuwong, Roy Kouwenberg, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Kim Peijnenburg
        WP2019-02
      - Trust and Retirement Preparedness: Evidence from Singapore
        Benedict Koh, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Joelle H. Fong
        WP2019-03
      - Factors Affecting Temporal Discounting in Older Adults
        Joseph W. Kable, Karolina Lempert, and David Wolk
        WP2019-04
      - Behavioral Impediments to Valuing Annuities: Complexity and Choice Bracketing
        Jeffrey R. Brown, Arie Kapteyn, Erzo F. P. Luttmer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Anya Samek
        WP2019-05
      - The Chinese Pension System
        Hanming Fang and Jin Feng
        WP2019-06
      - Five Facts About Beliefs and Portfolios
        Stefano Giglio, Matteo Maggiori, Johannes Stroebel, and Stephen Utkus
        WP2019-07
      - Debt Close to Retirement and Its Implications for Retirement Well-being
        Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Noemi Oggero
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-08
      - The Graying of American Debt
        Meta Brown, Donghoon Lee, Joelle Scally, and Wilbert van der Klaauw
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging EconomyWP2019-09
      - The Risk of Financial Hardship in Retirement: A Cohort Analysis
        Jason Brown, Karen Dynan, and Theodore Figinski
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-10
      - Financial Distress among the Elderly: Bankruptcy Reform and the Financial Crisis
        Wenli Li and Michelle J. White
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-11
      - Mortgage Foreclosures and Older Americans: A Decade after the Great Recession
        Lori A. Trawinski
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-12
      - Paying it Back: Real-World Debt Service Trends and Implications for Retirement Planning
        Anne Lester, Katherine Santiago, Je Oh, Livia Wu, and Ekaterina Chegaeva
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-13
      - Is Rising Household Debt Affecting Retirement Decisions?
        Barbara A. Butrica and Nadia S. Karamcheva
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-14
      - How Much Should the Poor Save for Retirement? Data and Simulations on Retirement Income Adequacy Among Low-Earning Households
        Andrew G. Biggs
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-15
      - Financial Well-being of State and Local Government Retirees in North Carolina
        Robert L. Clark and Siyan Liu
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-16
      - Household Debt and Aging in Japan
        Charles Yuji Horioka and Yoko Niimi
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-17
      - Understanding the Macro-Financial Effects of Household Debt: A Global Perspective
        Adrian Alter, Alan Feng, and Nico Valckx
        Published in Remaking Retirement: Debt in an Aging Economy
        WP2019-18
      - Implications of Money-Back Guarantees for Individual Retirement Accounts: Protection Then and Now
        Vanya Horneff, Daniel Liebler, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2019-19
      - How Would 401(k) ‘Rothification’ Alter Saving, Retirement Security, and Inequality?
        Vanya Horneff, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in the Journal of Pension Economics & Finance; Volume 21; 2022; 1-19 (open access)
        WP2019-20

2018

- - - - How FinTech is Reshaping the Retirement Planning Process
        Julie Agnew and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-00
      - Cognitive Ability, Financial Literacy, and the Demand for Financial Advice at Older Ages: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study
        Hugh H. Kim, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2018-01
      - Financial Knowledge and Portfolio Complexity in Singapore
        Benedict Koh, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Susann Rohwedder
        WP2018-02
      - Financial Fraud among Older Americans: Evidence and Implications
        Marguerite DeLiema, Martha Deevy, Annamaria Lusardi, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2018-03
      - Assessing the Impact of Financial Education Programs: A Quantitative Model
        Annamaria Lusardi, Pierre-Carl Michaud, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2018-04
      - Personality Traits, Intra-household Allocation and the Gender Wage Gap
        Christopher J. Flinn, Petra E. Todd, and Weilong Zhang
        WP2018-05
      - Exploring the Risks and Consequences of Elder Fraud Victimization: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study
        Marguerite DeLiema, Martha Deevy, Annamaria Lusardi, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2018-06
      - How Will Persistent Low Expected Returns Shape Household Economic Behavior?
        Published in: Journal of Pension Economics & Finance (2018)
        Vanya Horneff, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2018-07
      - Learning and Confirmation Bias: Measuring the Impact of First Impressions and Ambiguous Signals
        Julie Agnew, Hazel Bateman, Christine Eckert, Fedor Iskhakov, Jordan Louviere, and Susan Thorp
        WP2018-08
      - Household Portfolio Underdiversification and Probability Weighting: Evidence from the Field
        Stephen G. Dimmock, Roy Kouwenberg, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Kim Peijnenburg
        WP2018-09
      - How Financial Literacy and Impatience Shape Retirement Wealth and Investment Behaviors
        Justine Hastings and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2018-10
      - Understanding Debt at Older Ages and Its Implications for Retirement Well-being
        Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Noemi Oggero
        WP2018-11
      - The Emergence of the Robo-advisor
        Jill E. Fisch, Marion Labouré, and John A. Turner
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-12
      - Transformation of Investment Advice: Digital Investment Advisors as Fiduciaries
        Jennifer L. Klass and Eric L. Perelman
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-13
      - FinTech Disruption: Opportunities to Encourage Financial Responsibility
        Julianne Callaway
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-14
      - Ethics, Insurance Pricing, Genetics, and Big Data
        Robert Klitzman
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-15
      - Benefit Plan Cybersecurity Considerations: A Recordkeeper and Plan Perspective
        Timothy Rouse, David Levine, Allison Itami, and Benjamin Taylor
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-16
      - Designing for Older Adults: Overcoming Barriers to a Supportive, Safe, and Healthy Retirement
        Cosmin Munteanu, Benett Axtell, Hiba Rafih, Amna Liaqat, Yomna Aly
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-17
      - The Big Spenddown: Digital Investment Advice and Decumulation
        Steven Polansky, Peter Chandler, and Gary R. Mottola
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-18
      - Behavioral Finance, Decumulation, and the Regulatory Strategy for Robo-Advice
        Tom Baker and Benedict Dellaert
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-19
      - Matching FinTech Advice to Participant Needs: Lessons and Challenges
        Stephen L. Deschenes and P. Brett Hammond
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-20
      - The FinTech Opportunity
        Thomas Philippon
        Published in The Disruptive Impact of FinTech on Retirement Systems
        WP2018-21

2017

- - - - How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        Robert Clark, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-00
      - Does Financial Literacy Increase Students’ Perceived Value of Schooling?
        Luca Maria Pesando
        WP2017-01
      - Optimal Social Security Claiming Behavior under Lump Sum Incentives: Theory and Evidence
        Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, Ralph Rogalla, and Tatjana Schimetschek
        Published in Journal of Risk and Insurance; Volume 88; 2021; 5-27 (open access)
        WP2017-02
      - Putting the Pension Back in 401(k) Plans: Optimal versus Default Longevity Income Annuities
        Vanya Horneff, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in The Journal of Banking & Finance; Volume 114, 2020, 105783 (open access)
        WP2017-03
      - Politics, Independence, and Retirees: Long-term Low Interest Rates at the US Federal Reserve
        Peter Conti-Brown
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-04
      - Low Returns and Optimal Retirement Savings
        David Blanchett, Michael Finke, and Wade Pfau
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-05
      - Getting More from Less in Defined Benefit Plans: Three Levers for a Low-Return World
        Daniel B. Berkowitz, Andrew S. Clarke, Kevin J. DiCiurcio, Kimberly A. Stockton, and Daniel W. Wallick
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-06
      - Investing for Retirement in a Low Returns Environment: Making the Right Decisions to Make the Money Last
        Catherine Reilly and Alistair Byrne
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-07
      - Challenges and Opportunities of Living and Working Longer
        Joseph F. Quinn and Kevin E. Cahill
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-08
      - How Persistent Low Expected Returns Alter Optimal Life Cycle Saving, Investment, and Retirement Behavior
        Vanya Horneff, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-09
      - Retirement Saving and Decumulation in a Persistent Low-Return Environment
        Jason J. Fichtner and Jason S. Seligman
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-10
      - Helping Employers Become Age-Ready
        Yvonne Sonsino
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-11
      - State-Sponsored Retirement Savings Plans: New Approaches to Boost Retirement Plan Coverage
        William G. Gale and David C. John
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-12
      - Global Developments in Employee Benefits
        Jonathan Gardner, Natalia Garabato, and Steve Nyce
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-13
      - Intelligent Risk Taking: How to Secure Retirement in a Low Expected Return World
        Antti Ilmanen and Matthew Russo
        Published in How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement
        WP2017-14
      - Debt and Financial Vulnerability on the Verge of Retirement
        Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Noemi Oggero
        WP2017-15
      - Evaluating Lump Sum Incentives for Delayed Social Security Claiming
        Olivia S. Mitchell and Raimond Maurer
        WP2017-16
      - Enhancing Risk Management for an Aging World
        Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2017-18

2016

- - - - Introduction: Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        P. Brett Hammond, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Steve Utkus
        Published in Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        WP2016-00
      - Employee Financial Literacy and Retirement Plan Behavior: A Case Study
        Robert Clark, Annamaria Lusardi, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2016-02
      - Workplace-Linked Pensions for an Aging Demographic
        Olivia S. Mitchell and John Piggott
        WP2016-03
      - Aging and Exploitation: How Should the Financial Service Industry Respond?
        Marguerite DeLiema and Martha Deevy
        WP2016-04
      - Time Discounting and Economic Decision-making among the Elderly
        David Huffman, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in The Journal of the Economics of Ageing; Volume 14; 2019; 100121 (open access)
        WP2016-05
      - Attention Variation and Welfare: Theory and Evidence from a Tax Salience Experiment
        Dmitry Taubinsky and Alex Rees Jones
        WP2016-06
      - Older Women’s Labor Market Attachment, Retirement Planning, and Household Debt
        Annamaria Lusardi and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2016-07
      - Sex Mortality Differentials in the United States: The Role of Cohort Smoking Patterns
        Samuel H. Preston and Haidong Wang
        WP2016-08
      - Older Peoples’ Willingness to Delay Social Security Claiming
        Raimond Maurer and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in Journal of Pension Economics & Finance; Volume 20; 2021; 410-425 (open access)
        WP2016-10
      - Aging and Competence in Decision Making
        Wändi Bruine de Bruin
        Published in Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        WP2016-11
      - Challenges for Financial Decision Making at Older Ages
        Keith Jacks Gamble
        Published in Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        WP2016-12
      - Retirement and Cognitive Functioning: International Evidence
        Raquel Fonseca, Arie Kapteyn, and Gema Zamarro
        Published in Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        WP2016-13
      - Seven Life Priorities in Retirement
        Surya Kolluri and Cynthia Hutchins
        Published in Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        WP2016-14
      - Choosing a Financial Advisor: When and How to Delegate?
        Hugh Hoikwang Kim, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        WP2016-15
      - Advice in Defined Contribution Plans
        Gordon L. Clark, Maurizio Fiaschetti, and Peter Tufano
        Published in Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        WP2016-16
      - Worker Choices About Payouts in Public Pensions
        Robert L. Clark and Janet Raye Cowell
        Published in Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        WP2016-17
      - Understanding and Combating Investment Fraud
        Christine N. Kieffer and Gary R. Mottola
        Published in Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World
        WP2016-19

2015

- - - - Financial Literacy and Economic Outcomes: Evidence and Policy Implications
        Olivia S. Mitchell and Annamaria Lusardi
        WP2015-01
      - Using a Life Cycle Model to Evaluate Financial Literacy Program Effectiveness
        Annamaria Lusardi, Pierre-Carl Michaud, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2015-02
      - Narrow Framing and Long-Term Care Insurance
        Daniel Gottlieb and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2015-03
      - Lessons for Public Pensions from Utah’s Move to Pension Choice
        Robert L. Clark, Emma Hanson, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2015-05
      - Simplifying Choices in Defined Contribution Retirement Plan Design
        Donald B. Keim and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2015-07
      - It Pays to Set the Menu: Mutual Fund Investment Options in 401(k) Plans
        Veronika K. Pool, Clemens Sialm, and Irina Stefanescu
        WP2015-08
      - Social Interaction Effects and Individual Portfolio Choice: Evidence from 401(k) Pension Plan Investors
        Timothy (Jun) Lu and Ning Tang
        WP2015-09
      - Financial Knowledge and 401(k) Investment Performance: A Case Study
        Robert Clark, Annamaria Lusardi, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2015-10
      - The Role of Time Preferences and Exponential-Growth Bias in Retirement Savings
        Gopi Shah Goda, Matthew R. Levy, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, Aaron Sojourner, and Joshua Tasoff
        WP2015-11
      - Save More Later? The Effect of the Option to Choose Delayed Savings Rate Increases on Retirement Wealth
        John Beshears, Hengchen Dai, Katherine L. Milkman, and Shlomo Benartzi
        WP2015-12
      - Implications of the New Regulatory Order for Retirement System Risk Management
        Olivia S. Mitchell, Raimond Maurer, and J. Michael Orszag
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-13
      - The New Insurance Supervisory Landscape: Implications for Insurance and Pensions
        Peter A. Fisher
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-14
      - Accounting-based Asset Return Smoothing in Participating Life Annuities: Implications for Annuitants, Insurers, and Policymakers
        Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, Ralph Rogalla, and Ivonne Siegelin
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-15
      - Mark-to-Market Accounting for United States Corporate Pensions: Implementation and Impact
        Joseph Busillo, Thomas Harvey, and Bryan Hoffman
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-16
      - Risk Disclosure in the European Insurance Industry: Implications for Occupational Pension Funds
        Karel Van Hulle
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-17
      - Pensions, Risk, and Global Systemically Important Financial Institutions
        Brian Reid and Dan Waters
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-18
      - Determinants of Saving for Old Age around the World
        Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Leora Klapper, and Georgios A. Panos
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-19
      - Retirement Replacement Rates: What and How
        Andrew G. Biggs
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-20
      - Fundamentals of Cost and Risk that Matter to Pension Savers and Life Annuitants
        Catherine Donnelly, Montserrat Guillén, and Jens Perch Nielsen
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-21
      - Pension Fund Investment in Infrastructure and Global Financial Regulation
        Javier Alonso, Alfonso Arellano, and David Tuesta
        Published in Retirement System Risk Management: Implications of the New Regulatory Order
        WP2015-22

2014

- - - - Borrowing from the Future: 401(k) Plan Loans and Loan Defaults
        Timothy (Jun) Lu, Olivia S. Mitchell, Stephen P. Utkus, and Jean A. Young
        WP2014-01
      - Accounting and Actuarial Smoothing of Retirement Payouts in Participating Life Annuities
        Published in: Insurance: Mathematics and Economics (2016)
        Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, Ralph Rogalla, and Ivonne Siegelin
        WP2014-02
      - Changing Frameworks for Retirement Security
        Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-04
      - Are Retirees Falling Short? Reconciling the Conflicting Evidence
        Alicia H. Munnell, Matthew S. Rutledge, and Anthony Webb
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-05
      - Retirement Plans and Prospects for Retirement Income Adequacy
        Jack VanDerhei
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-06
      - The Changing Nature of Retirement
        Julia Coronado
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-07
      - Entitlement Reform and the Future of Pensions
        C. Eugene Steuerle, Benjamin H. Harris and Pamela J. Perun
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-08
      - Risk-sharing Alternatives for Pension Plan Design: An Overview and Case Studies
        Anna M. Rappaport and Andrew Peterson
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-09
      - United States Pension Benefit Plan Design Innovation: Labor Unions as Agents of Change
        David S. Blitzstein
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-10
      - Back to the Future: Hybrid Co-operative Pensions and the TIAA-CREF System
        Benjamin Goodman and David P. Richardson
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-11
      - Retirement Shares Plan: A New Model of Risk Sharing
        Donald E. Fuerst
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-12
      - The Portfolio Pension Plan: An Alternative Model for Retirement Security
        Richard C. Shea, Robert S. Newman, and Jonathan P. Goldberg
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-13
      - Cultivating Pension Plans
        John M. Vine
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-14
      - The Promise of Defined Ambition Plans: Lessons for the United States
        Lans Bovenberg, Roel Mehlkopf, and Theo Nijman
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-15
      - Insights From Switzerland’s Pension System
        Monika Bütler
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-16
      - The Australian Retirement Income System: Comparisons with and Lessons for the United States
        Rafal Chomik and John Piggott
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-17
      - Singapore’s Social Security Savings System: A Review and Some Lessons for the United States
        Benedict S. K. Koh
        Published in Reimagining Pensions: The Next 40 Years
        WP2014-18
      - What’s Next for VEBAs? The Impact of Declining Employer-Provided Health Care Coverage and the Affordable Care Act
        Erin Leighty
        WP2014-19
      - Optimal Portfolio Choice in Retirement with Participating Life Annuities
        Ralph Rogalla
        WP2014-20
      - Cognitive Constraints on Valuing Annuities
        Jeffrey R. Brown, Arie Kapteyn, Erzo F.P. Luttmer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2014-21
      - Will They Take the Money and Work? An Empirical Analysis of People’s Willingness to Delay Claiming Social Security Benefits for a Lump Sum
        Published in: Journal of Risk and Insurance (2016)
        Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, Ralph Rogalla, and Tatjana Schimetschek
        WP2014-22
      - Does Financial Education Enhance Financial Preparedness? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Singapore
        Rashmi Barua, Benedict Koh, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2014-23

2013

- - - - Complexity as a Barrier to Annuitization: Do Consumers Know How to Value Annuities?
        Jeffrey R. Brown, Arie Kapteyn, Erzo F. P. Luttmer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2013-01
      - The Economic Importance of Financial Literacy: Theory and Evidence
        Annamaria Lusardi and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2013-02
      - Dynamic Asset Allocation with Regime Shifts and Long Horizon CVaR-Constraints
        Huy Thanh Vo and Raimond Maurer
        WP2013-03
      - Optimal Life Cycle Portfolio Choice with Variable Annuities Offering Liquidity and Investment Downside Protection
        Vanya Horneff, Olivia S. Mitchell, Raimond Maurer, and Ralph Rogalla
        WP2013-04
      - Retirement in Japan and the United States: Cross-national Comparisons using the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR) and the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS)
        Olivia S. Mitchell and John W. R. Phillips
        WP2013-05
      - Framing the Social Security Earnings Test
        Jeffrrey R. Brown, Arie Kapteyn, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Teryn Mattox
        WP2013-06
      - Technical Review Panel for the PIMS Model: Final Report
        Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2013-07
      - Financial Market Assumptions & Models for Pension Plans: A Technical Comment on the PIMS Model Assumptions for Asset Markets
        Christopher C. Geczy
        WP2013-08
      - Economic and Financial Approaches to Valuing Pension Liabilities
        Robert Novy-Marx
        WP2013-09
      - Integrated Risk Management for Defined Benefit Pensions: Models and Metrics
        Raimond Maurer
        WP2013-10
      - Observations on Actuarial Assumptions and Models for Defined Benefit Pension Plans
        Donald E. Fuerst
        WP2013-11
      - Actuarial Perspectives on Defined Benefit Pension Risk – Modeling Emerging Issues
        Christopher M. Bone
        WP2013-12
      - An Actuarial Perspective on Pension Plan Funding
        Donald J. Segal
        WP2013-13
      - Modeling Risk-based Pension Insurance Premiums
        Martin G. Clarke
        WP2013-14
      - Measuring and Explaining Pension System Risk
        Frank J. Fabozzi
        WP2013-15
      - Joint Risk of DB Pension Underfunding and Sponsor Termination: Incorporating Options-Based Projections and Valuations into PIMS
        Deborah Lucas
        WP2013-16
      - Evaluating Pension Insurance Pricing
        David F. Babbel
        WP2013-17
      - Recreating Retirement Sustainability
        Olivia S. Mitchell and Raimond Maurer
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-18
      - Modeling and Management of Longevity Risk
        Andrew J. G. Cairns
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-19
      - Longevity Risk Management, Corporate Finance, and Sustainable Pensions
        Guy Coughlan
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-20
      - Model Risk, Mortality Heterogeneity, and Implications for Solvency and Tail Risk
        Michael Sherris and Qiming Zhou
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-21
      - The Securitization of Longevity Risk and its Implications for Retirement Security
        Richard D. MacMinn, Patrick Brockett, Jennifer Wang, Ruilin Tian, and Yijia Lin
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-22
      - Managing Capital Market Risk for Retirement
        Enrico Biffis and Robert Kosowski
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-23
      - Implications for Long-term Investors of the Shifting Distribution of Capital Market Returns
        James Moore and Niels Pedersen
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-24
      - Stress Testing Monte Carlo Assumptions
        Marlena I. Lee
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-25
      - Evolving Roles for Pension Regulations: Toward Better Risk Control?
        E. Philip Davis
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-26
      - Developments in European Pension Regulation: Risks and Challenges
        Stefan Lundberg, Ruben Laros, and Laura Rebel
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-27
      - Extreme Risks and the Retirement Anomaly
        Tim Hodgson
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-28
      - Risk Budgeting and Longevity Insurance: Strategies for Sustainable Defined Benefit Pension Funds
        Amy Kessler
        Published in Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-29
      - The Funding Debate: Optimizing Pension Risk within a Corporate Risk Budget
        Geoff Bauer, Gordon Fletcher, Julien Halfon, and Stacy Scapino
        Published in: Recreating Sustainable Retirement: Resilience, Solvency, and Tail Risk
        WP2013-30
      - Contagious Runs in Money Market Funds and the Impact of a Government Guarantee
        Hugh Hoikwang Kim
        WP2013-31
      - How Family Status and Social Security Claiming Options Shape Optimal Life Cycle Portfolios
        Published in: The Review of Financial Studies (2016)
        Andreas Hubener, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2013-32
      - Time is Money: Life Cycle Rational Inertia and Delegation of Investment Management
        Published in: Journal of Financial Economics (2016)
        Hugh H. Kim, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2013-33

2012

- - - - Financial Sophistication in the Older Population
        Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Vilsa Curto
        WP2012-01
      - Target-Date Funds in 401(k) Retirement Plans
        Olivia S. Mitchell and Stephen P. Utkus
        WP2012-02
      - Participating Payout Life Annuities: Lessons from Germany
        Raimond Maurer, Ralph Rogalla, and Ivonne Siegelin
        Published in: ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA 43.2 (2013)
        WP2012-03
      - Valuing Variable Annuities with Guaranteed Minimum Lifetime Withdrawal Benefits
        Petra Steinorth and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2012-04
      - The Market for Retirement Financial Advice: An Introduction
        Olivia S. Mitchell and Kent Smetters
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-05
      - The Market for Financial Advisers
        John A. Turner and Dana M. Muir
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-06
      - Explaining Risk to Clients: An Advisory Perspective
        Paula H. Hogan and Rick Miller
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-07
      - How Financial Advisers and Defined Contribution Plan Providers Educate Clients and Participants about Social Security
        Mathew Greenwald, Andrew Biggs, and Lisa Schneider
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-08
      - How Important Is Asset Allocation To Americans’ Financial Retirement Security?
        Alicia H. Munnell, Natalia Orlova, and Anthony Webb
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-09
      - The Evolution of Workplace Advice
        Christopher L. Jones and Jason S. Scott
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-10
      - The Role of Guidance in the Annuity Decision-Making Process
        Kelli Hueler and Anna Rappaport
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-11
      - Evaluating the Impact of Financial Planners
        Cathleen D. Zick and Robert N. Mayer
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-12
      - Asking for Help: Survey and Experimental Evidence on Financial Advice and Behavior Change
        Angela A. Hung and Joanne K. Yoong
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-13
      - How to Make the Market for Financial Advice Work
        Andreas Hackethal and Roman Inderst
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-14
      - Financial Advice: Does it Make a Difference?
        Michael Finke
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-15
      - When, Why, and How Do Mutual Fund Investors Use Financial Advisers?
        Sarah A. Holden
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-16
      - Harmonizing the Regulation of Financial Advisers
        Arthur B. Laby
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-17
      - Regulating Financial Planners: Assessing the Current System and Some Alternatives
        Jason Bromberg and Alicia P. Cackley
        Published in The Market for Retirement Financial Advice
        WP2012-18
      - Functional Disabilities and Nursing Home Admittance
        Joelle H. Fong, Benedict SK. Koh, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2012-19
      - Ambiguity Aversion and Household Portfolio Choice Puzzles: Empirical Evidence
        Stephen G. Dimmock, Roy Kouwenberg, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Kim Peijnenburg
        WP2012-20
      - Exchanging Delayed Social Security Benefits for Lump Sums: Could This Incentivize Longer Work Careers?
        Jingjing Chai, Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Ralph Rogalla
        WP2012-21
      - Financial Literacy and Retirement Planning in Australia
        Julie R. Agnew, Hazel Bateman, and Susan Thorp
        WP2012-22
      - Health Expenditure Risk and Annuitization: Evidence from Medigap Coverage
        Daniel W. Sacks
        WP2012-23
      - Identifying Idiosyncratic Career Taste and Skill with Income Risk
        Stephen H. Shore, Daniel Barth, and Shane T. Jensen
        WP2012-25
      - Semiparametric Bayesian Modeling of Income Volatility Heterogeneity
        Shane T. Jensen and Stephen H. Shore
        WP2012-26

2011

- - - - Qualified Retirement Plans: Analysis of Distribution and Rollover Activity
        Victoria L. Bryant, Sarah Holden, and John Sabelhaus
        WP2011-01
      - Americans’ Financial Capability
        Annamaria Lusardi
        WP2011-02
      - First-Round Impacts of the 2008 Chilean Pension System Reform
        Jere R. Behrman, Maria Cecilia Calderon, Olivia S. Mitchell, Javiera Vasquez, and David Bravo
        WP2011-03
      - Costly Portfolio Adjustment and the Delegation of Money Management
        Hugh Hoikwang Kim
        WP2011-04
      - Beyond Age and Sex: Enhancing Annuity Pricing
        Joelle HY Fong
        WP2011-05
      - Retirement Security and the Financial and Economic Crisis: An Overview
        Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Mark Warshawsky
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-06
      - Changing Retirement Behavior in the Wake of the Financial Crisis
        Julia L. Coronado and Karen Dynan
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-07
      - Potential Impacts of the Great Recession on Future Retirement Incomes
        Barbara A. Butrica, Richard W. Johnson, and Karen E. Smith
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-08
      - Effects of the Economic Crisis on the Older Population: How Expectations, Consumption, Bequests, and Retirement Responded to Market Shocks
        Michael Hurd and Susann Rohwedder
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-09
      - Retirement Behavior and the Global Financial Crisis
        Jason J. Fichtner, John W.R. Phillips, and Barbara A. Smith
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-10
      - Trading in 401(k) Plans during the Financial Crisis
        Ning Tang, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Stephen P. Utkus
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-11
      - Life Cycle Impacts of the Financial Crisis on Optimal Consumption— Portfolio Choices and Labor Supply
        Jingjing Chai, Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Ralph Rogalla
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-12
      - A Stress Test for the Private Employer Defined Contribution System
        David Wray
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-13
      - Defined Benefit Pension Plans and the Financial Crisis: Impact and Sponsors and Government Reactions
        Mark J. Warshawsky
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-14
      - Multiemployer Pension Plans Respond to the Financial Crisis
        Judith F. Mazo and Eli Greenblum
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-15
      - Adopting Hybrid Pension Plans: Effects of Economic Crisis and Regulatory Reform
        Robert L. Clark, Alan Glickstein, and Tomeka Hill
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-16
      - Collective Pensions and the Global Financial Crisis: The Case of the Netherlands
        Lans Bovenberg and Theo Nijman
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-17
      - How Have Public Sector Pensions Responded to the Financial Crisis?
        Andrew G. Biggs
        Published in Reshaping Retirement Security: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis
        WP2011-18
      - Optimal Financial Literacy and Saving for Retirement
        Annamaria Lusardi, Pierre-Carl Michaud, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2011-20
      - Public Pension Pressures in the United States
        Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2011-21

2010

- - - - Collective Investments for Pension Saving: Lessons from Singapore’s Central Provident Fund Scheme
        Benedict SK Koh, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Joelle HY Fong
        WP2010-01
      - Implications of the Financial Crisis for Long Run Retirement Security
        Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2010-02
      - Rating Retirement Advice: A Critical Assessment of Retirement Planning Software
        John A. Turner
        WP2010-03
      - A Matter Of Trust: Understanding Worldwide Public Pension Conversions
        Kent A. Smetters and Walter Theseira
        WP2010-04
      - Ricardian Equivalence Under Asymmetric Information
        Kent A. Smetters and Shinici Nishiyama
        WP2010-05
      - Optimal Portfolio Choice over the Life Cycle with Social Security
        Kent A. Smetters and Ying Chen
        WP2010-06
      - Why Don’t People Annuitize? The Role of Advice Provided by Retirement Planning Software
        John A. Turner
        WP2010-07
      - Health Cost Risk and Optimal Retirement Provision: A Simple Rule for Annuity Demand
        Kim Peijnenburg, Theo Nijman, and Bas JM Werker
        WP2010-08
      - Longevity Risk Management in Singapore’s National Pension System
        Joelle HY Fong, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Benedict SK Koh
        WP2010-10
      - Financial Literacy: Implications for Retirement Security and the Financial Marketplace
        Pension Research Council
        WP2010-11
      - What’s on the Menu? Included versus Excluded Investment Funds for Singapore’s Central Provident Fund Investors
        Benedict S. K. Koh and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2010-12
      - Turning Wealth into Lifetime Income: The Challenge Ahead
        Olivia S. Mitchell and John Piggott
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-13
      - The Swedish Annuity Market: Where It Is and Where It’s Headed
        Edward Palmer and Bo Larsson
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-14
      - Market Structure and Challenges for Annuities in India
        Mukul G. Asher and Deepa Vasudevan
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-15
      - Annuities and their Derivatives: The Recent Canadian Experience
        Moshe A. Milevsky and Ling-wu Shao
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-16
      - The United States Longevity Insurance Market
        Anthony Webb
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-17
      - Too Much Risk to Insure? The Australian (non-) Market for Annuities
        Hazel Bateman and John Piggott
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-18
      - Pension Payouts in Chile: Past, Present, and Future Prospects
        Jose Ruiz and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-19
      - The Private Life Annuity Market in Germany: Products and Money’s Worth Ratios
        Barbara Kaschützke and Raimond Maurer
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-20
      - Annuity Markets in Japan
        Junichi Sakamoto
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-21
      - Compulsory and Voluntary Annuity Markets in the United Kingdom
        Edmund Cannon and Ian Tonks
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-22
      - Payouts in Switzerland: Explaining Developments in Annuitization
        Monika Bütler and Stefan Staubli
        Published in Securing Lifelong Retirement Income
        WP2010-23
      - Financial Literacy, Schooling, and Wealth Accumulation
        Jere R. Behrman, Olivia S. Mitchell, Cindy Soo, and David Bravo
        WP2010-24
      - The Outlook for Financial Literacy
        Annamaria Lusardi and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-25
      - Financial Literacy and Planning: Implications for Retirement Well-Being
        Annamaria Lusardi and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-26
      - Pension Plan Distributions: The Importance of Financial Literacy
        Robert L. Clark, Melinda S. Morrill, and Steven G. Allen
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-27
      - Financial Literacy and 401(k) Loans
        Stephen P. Utkus and Jean A. Young
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-28
      - Financial Illiteracy and Stock Market Participation: Evidence from the RAND American Life Panel
        Joanne Yoong
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-29
      - Fees, Framing, and Financial Literacy in the Choice of Pension Manager
        Justine Hastings, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Eric Chyn
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-30
      - Investor Knowledge and Experience with Investment Advisers and Broker-Dealers
        Angela A. Hung, Noreen Clancy, and Jeff Dominitz
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-31
      - Pecuniary Mistakes? Payday Borrowing by Credit Union Members
        Susan P. Carter, Paige M. Skiba, Jeremy Tobacman
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-32
      - Annuities, Financial Literacy and Information Overload
        Julie Agnew and Lisa Szykman
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-33
      - Financial Counseling, Financial Literacy, and Household Decision Making
        Sumit Agarwal, Gene Amromin, Itzhak Ben-David, Souphala Chomsisengphet, and Douglas D. Evanoff
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-34
      - Time Perception and Retirement Saving: Lessons from Behavioral Decision Research
        Gal Zauberman and B. Kyu Kim
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-35
      - Making Savers Winners: An Overview of Prize-Linked Saving Products
        Melissa S. Kearney, Peter Tufano, Jonathan Guryan, and Erik Hurst
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-36
      - How to Improve Financial Literacy: Some Successful Strategies
        Diana Crossan
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-37
      - Bringing Financial Literacy and Education to Low- and Middle-Income Countries
        Robert Holzmann
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-38
      - Improving Financial Literacy: The Role of Nonprofit Providers
        J. Michael Collins
        Published in Financial Literacy
        WP2010-39
      - An Empirical Analysis of 401(k) Loan Defaults
        Timothy Lu, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Stephen P. Utkus
        WP2010-40
      - Framing Effects and Expected Social Security Claiming Behavior
        Jeffrey R. Brown, Arie Kapteyn, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2010-42
      - Low Life Expectancy in the United States: Is the Health Care System at Fault?
        Samuel HY Preston and Jessica Y. Ho
        WP2010-43
      - The Impact of Shrouded Fees: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
        Santosh Anagol and Hugh Kim
        WP2010-44

2009

- - - - Can 401(k) Plans Provide Adequate Retirement Resources?
        Peter J. Brady
        WP2009-01
      - Portfolio Choice in Retirement: Health Risk and the Demand for Annuities, Housing, and Risky Assets
        Motohiro Yogo
        WP2009-02
      - What Makes a Better Annuity?
        Jason S. Scott, John G. Watson, and Wei-Yin Hu
        WP2009-03
      - Extending Life Cycle Models of Optimal Portfolio Choice: Integrating Flexible Work, Endogenous Retirement, and Investment Decisions with Lifetime Payouts
        Jingjing Chai, Wolfram J. Horneff, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell
        WP2009-04
      - Default, Framing and Spillover Effects: The Case of Lifecycle Funds in 401(k) Plans
        Olivia S. Mitchell, Gary R. Mottola, Stephen P. Utkus and Takeshi Yamaguchi
        WP2009-05
      - The Efficiency of Sponsor and Participant Portfolio Choices in 401(k) Plans
        Ning Tang, Olivia S. Mitchell, Gary Mottola, and Steve Utkus
        WP2009-08
      - Financial Literacy among the Young: Evidence and Implications for Consumer Policy
        Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Vilsa Curto
        WP2009-09
      - Constructing New Retirement Systems: Choosing between Insurance and Investment, Choice and Default
        Emily Kessler
        WP2009-10
      - Labor Market Uncertainty and Pension System Performance
        Olivia S. Mitchell and John A. Turner
        WP2009-11
      - The Evolution of Retirement Risk Management
        Robert L. Clark and Olivia S. Mitchell
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 1-12
        WP2009-12
      - Retirement Saving Adequacy and Individual Investment Risk Management Using the Asset/Salary Ratio
        P. Brett Hammond and David P. Richardson
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 12-36
        WP2009-13
      - Employer-Provided Retirement Planning Programs
        Robert L. Clark, Melinda S. Morrill, and Steven G. Allen
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 36-64
        WP2009-14
      - Impact of the Pension Protection Act on Financial Advice: What Works and What Remains to be Done?
        Lynn Pettus and R. Hall Kesmodel, Jr.
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 86-105
        WP2009-15
      - How Does Retirement Planning Software Handle Postretirement Realities?
        Anna M. Rappaport and John A. Turner
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 65-85
        WP2009-16
      - The Effect of Uncertain Labor Income and Social Security on Life-cycle Portfolios
        Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Ralph Rogalla
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 106-121
        WP2009-17
      - The Declining Role of Private Defined Benefit Pension Plans: Who is Affected, and How
        Craig Copeland and Jack VanDerhei
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 122-136
        WP2009-18
      - Rebuilding Workers’ Retirement Security: A Labor Perspective on Private Pension Reform
        Damon Silvers
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 137-155
        WP2009-19
      - Longevity Risk and Annuities in Singapore
        Joelle H.Y. Fong, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Benedict S. K. Koh
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 156-177
        WP2009-20
      - Outsourcing Pension Longevity Protection
        Igor Balevich
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 178-197
        WP2009-21
      - Comparing Spending Approaches in Retirement
        John Ameriks, Michael Hess, and Liqian Ren
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 198-216
        WP2009-22
      - Risk Budgeting for the Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board
        Sterling Gunn and Tracy Livingstone
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 217-240
        WP2009-23
      - Can VEBAs Alleviate Retiree Health Care Problems?
        Aaron Bernstein
        Published in Reorienting Retirement Risk Management, pp. 241-264
        WP2009-24
      - Financial Literacy and Financial Sophistication Among Older Americans
        Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Vilsa Curto
        WP2009-25
      - Improving Workers’ Financial Literacy: A Symposium Summary
        Robert L. Clark and Melinda S. Morrill
        WP2009-26

2008

- - Optimal Life-Cycle Strategies in the Presence of Interest Rate and Inflation Risk
    Raimond H. Maurer, Christian Schlag and Michael Z. Stamos
    WP2008-01
  - The Efficiency of Pension Plan Investment Menus: Investment Choices in Defined Contribution Pension Plans
    Ning Tang and Olivia S. Mitchell
    WP2008-02
  - Footnotes Aren’t Enough: The Impact of Pension Accounting on Stock Values
    Julia Coronado, Olivia S. Mitchell, Steven A. Sharpe, and S. Blake Nesbitt
    WP2008-03
  - The Retirement Decision: Current Influences on the Timing of Retirement among Older Workers
    Gaobo Pang, Mark Warshawsky, and Ben Weitzer
    WP2008-04
  - Optimizing the Equity-Bond-Annuity Portfolio in Retirement: The Impact of Uncertain Health Expenses
    Gaobo Pang and Mark Warshawsky
    WP2008-05
  - Asset Allocation and Location over the Life Cycle with Survival-Contingent Payouts
    Wolfram J. Horneff, Raimond H. Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Michael Z. Stamos
    WP2008-06
  - Managing Public Investment Funds: Best Practices and New Challenges
    Olivia S. Mitchell, John Piggott, and Cagri Kumru
    WP2008-07
  - The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems
    Olivia S. Mitchell
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems
    WP2008-08
  - Reforming the German Civil Servant Pension Plan
    Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Ralph Rogalla
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 115-142
    WP2008-09
  - Managing Contribution and Capital Market Risk in a Funded Public Defined Benefit Plan: Impact of CVaR Cost Constraints
    Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Ralph Rogalla
    WP2008-10
  - Reforming Social Security with Progressive Personal Accounts
    John Geanakoplos and Stephen P. Zeldes
    WP2008-11
  - The New Intersection on the Road to Retirement: Public Pensions, Economics, Perceptions, Politics, and Interest Groups
    Beth Almeida, Kelly Kenneally, and David Madland
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 294-326
    WP2008-12
  - Pension Fund Activism: The Double-Edged Sword
    Brad M. Barber
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 271-293
    WP2008-13
  - Redefining Traditional Plans: Variations and Developments in Public Employee Retirement Plan Design
    Keith Brainard
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 187-205
    WP2008-14
  - Reforms to an Individual Account Pension System and their Effects on Work and Contribution Decisions: The Case of Chile
    Viviana Vélez-Grajales
    WP2008-15
  - The Evolution of Public Sector Pension Plans in the United States
    Robert L. Clark, Lee A. Craig, Neveen Ahmed
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 239-270
    WP2008-16
  - Defined Contribution Pension Plans in the Public Sector: A Benchmark Analysis
    Roderick B. Crane, Michael Heller and Paul J. Yakoboski
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 206-238
    WP2008-17
  - Administrative Costs of State Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Systems
    Edwin Hustead
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 97-104
    WP2008-18
  - Thinking About Funding Federal Retirement Plans
    Toni Hustead
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 105-114
    WP2008-19
  - The Case for Marking Public Plan Liabilities to Market
    Jeremy Gold and Gordon Latter
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 29-57
    WP2008-20
  - Benefit Cost Comparisons Between State and Local Governments and Private Industry Employers
    Ken McDonnell
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 85-96
    WP2008-21
  - Estimating State and Local Government Pension and Retiree Health Care Liabilities
    Stephen T. McElhaney
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 19-28
    WP2008-22
  - The Outlook for Canada’s Public Sector Employee Pensions
    Silvana Pozzebon
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 143-163
    WP2008-23
  - Unifying Pension Schemes in Japan: Toward a Single Scheme for Both Civil Servants and Private Employees
    Junichi Sakamoto
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 164-186
    WP2008-24
  - Between Scylla and Charybdis: Improving the Cost Effectiveness of Public Pension Retirement Plans
    M. Barton Waring
    Published in The Future of Public Employee Retirement Systems, pp. 58-74
    WP2008-25
  - Public Pensions and State and Local Budgets: Can Contribution Rate Cyclicality Be Better Managed?